http://www.fanqiang.com/a6/b5/20010502/031721.html # ª©Åv«Å§i: 1999 Copyright OLS3 All rights reserved. DNS ¬[³] ¤@. ¦ó¿× DNS? ¦b³s½u­n¨D®É, §Ú­Ì³q±`³£¬O¨Ï¥Î¥D¾÷ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ, ¦p dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw ÁöµM¨Ï¥Î IP ¤]¬O¥i¥Hªº, ¦ý¬O¦]¬° IP «ÜÃø°O(¥»¨­¨SÔ£·N¸q), ©Ò¥H, ÁÙ¬O¥Hºô§} ¦WºÙ¨Ó³s½u©~¦h. ¤£¹L, ¹q¸£¨Ã¤£»{±o dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw, ¥¦¥u»{±o IP, ¦]¦¹, ¥²¶·¦³¤@³¡¾÷¾¹, ¯à °÷±N§Ú­Ì­n¨D³s½uªººô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙÂà´«¦¨¹ïÀ³ªº IP ¦ì§}(³o¼ËªºÂà´«, ºÙ¬° ¥¿¸Ñ), ¤~¯à¶¶§Qªº³s½u. ´£¨Ñ³oºØªA°Èªº¾÷¨î, §Ú­ÌºÙ¤§¬°ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙªA°È (Domain Name Service ©Î Domain Name System), ²ºÙ¬° DNS. ¦Ó´£¨Ñ³o­ÓªA°Èªº¾÷¾¹, §Ú­Ì«KºÙ¥¦¬°¤@³¡ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ¦øªA¾¹ (Domain Name Server). ³q±`, ¦b¥Ó½Ðºô°ì¤Î IP ®É, ¥²¶·¦³¤G³¡ DNS ¥¿±`¹B§@, ¤~¦³¸ê®æ¦V InterNic ¥Ó½Ð. ¦ý¹ï¤pºô°ì¦Ó¨¥, ¤j³£¨Ï¥ÎÅܳqªº¤èªk, ¤ñ¦p www.ols3.com ³o³¡¾÷¾¹, ´N¬O¥Î¤@ ¥x¥D¾÷¤G­Ó IP , ¤À§O¥Nªí¤G¥x DNS, ¦ý¨ä¹ê¥u¦³¤@¥x¥D¾÷¦Ó¤w. (¦]¬°°]¤O¤£¨¬ ¹À!!) ³o¥x DNS ¦øªA¾¹, °£¤F¦^À³¬d¸ß¤§¥~, ¤]·|°O¿ý¦P¤@ºô¸ô¤ºªº¥D¾÷, ¥H¨Ñºô»Úºô ¸ô¤W¨ä¥L¥D¾÷ªº¬d¸ß(¦Ó¥B¤]·|±N¥¦ª¾¹DªºÃö©ó¨ä¥Lºô°ì¥D¾÷ªº¸ê®Æ§Ö¨ú¤U ¨Ó, «S¤@©w¦³®Ä´Á­­¤§«á, ¤~¤©¥H¥á±ó) ¥t¥~, ³o¥x DNS ¦øªA¾¹, ³q±`¤]·|´£¨Ñ¥t¤@­Ó¤è¦VªºªA°È, ¤]´N¬O¥Ñ IP ¤Ï¬d¬Y¤@¥x¥D¾÷ªººô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ(³o¼ËªºÂà´«, ºÙ¬°¤Ï¸Ñ). ªñ¦~¨Ó, ¥Ñ¥æ³q¤j¾Çµo°_ªº©Úµ´¤Ï¸Ñ¤£¥¿±`ªº¥D¾÷³s½u, «üªº´N¬O¦pªG¸Óºô°ì ªº DNS ¦b¤Ï¸Ñªº¥\¯à¤£¥¿½Tªº¸Ü, ±N©Úµ´¨ä³s½u­n¨D, . (¸Ô±¡, ½Ð°Ñ ¦Ò: http://ns.nctu.edu.tw/ ) ¤G. DNS ªº¬[ºc DNS ªö¶¥¼h¦¡ªº¬[ºc, ¦b¨C¤@¼hªº¨C­Ó¸`ÂI, ³£¦³¤@­Ó¦WºÙ, ¦Ó³s¦P¨ä¤W¼hªº¦W ºÙ¥þ³¡¥[°_¨Ó, «Kºc¦¨¦¹¸`ÂIªººô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ(domain), ¦Ó¨C¤@­Ó¸`ÂI, ¥²¶· ­t°_ºÞ²z¸Óºô°ìªº³d¥ô(©e¥ô), ³o­Ó°Ï°ì, §Ú­ÌºÙ¥¦¬°¤@­Ó zone. (domain ©M zone ¦³®É¬O«ÜÃø°Ï¤Àªº, ¹ï©ó¤@­Ó³Ì¤U¼hªº doamin ¦Ó¨¥, ¥¦¥»¨­«K¬O ¤@­Ó zone; domain ¥]§t¨ä¤U¼h©Ò¦³ªººô°ì, ¦ý zone ¥u¥]§t¦Û¤vºÞÁÒªº³d¥ô°Ï °ì, ¤£§t©e¥ô¥X¥hªººô°ì) ´«¨¥¤§, ¦pªG§â DNS µø¬°¤@®è¤ÏÂà¾ðªº¸Ü, ºô°ì´N¬O¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó¤l¾ð, ¦Ó zone «h ¥u¬Oºô°ìªº¤@³¡¥÷, ©Îµ¥©ó¸Óºô°ì. ¦p: (¨Ò¤l¦b½Ò°ó¤Wµe¹Ï) jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. . (¥Nªí®ÚDNS) -> tw -> tnc -> jmjh ¤T. ¬[³]¤§«eªº·Ç³Æ ¦b¬[³]¤§«e, ³Ì¦n, ±N¶Q®Õªººô¸ô¬[ºc, µe±i²¹Ï¥X¨Ó, ¥i¥HÀ°±zÁA¸Ñ¥þ½L. (¨Ò¤l¦b½Ò°ó¤Wµe¹Ï) ¥|. »Ý­nªº³nÅé §Ú­Ì¨Ï¥Î bind 4.9.x ©Î bind 8.x.x ¨Ó¬[³]. ¦w¸Ë¦n bind ¤§«á, ¨ä daemon µ{¦¡¦WºÙ¬° named. ¤­. ¶}©l¬[³] ¥ý¥H bind 4.9.x ¬°¨Ò, ¥½¤F¦A¥ÎÂà´«µ{¦¡, §ï¬° bind 8.x.x ªº³]©w. »Ý­n¨º¨ÇÀÉ®×? °_°ÊÀÉ: named.boot (4.9.x) ©Î named.conf (8.x.x) zone ¸ê®ÆÀÉ: db.jmjh ¤Ï¬d¸ê®ÆÀÉ: db.163.26.167 local ¤Ï¬dÀÉ: rev-127.0.0 cache ÀÉ: named.ca °_°ÊÀɦì©ó /etc/named.boot ©Î /etc/named.conf named ªº³]©wÀɥؿý, ³q±`©ñ¦b /var/named ¤¤. °_°ÊÀÉ(Boot File) named.boot [root@s1 named]# cat /etc/named.boot ; ; jmjh nameserver config ; directory /var/named ; ; keyword ºô°ì ³]©wÀɦWºÙ ;--------- ----------------------- -------------- cache . named.ca primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa rev-127.0.0 primary jmjh.tnc.edu.tw db.jmjh primary 167.26.163.in-addr.arpa db.163.26.167 ÃöÁä¦r»¡©ú: directory : «ü©w bind ªº³]©wÀɥؿý¦ì¸m, ¦b³oùØ, ¬O³]©w¦b /var/named ¤¤ primary : ©w¸q¤@­Ó¥D­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº³]©wÀÉ cache : ©w¸q®Úºô°ì¦øªA¾¹ªº³]©wÀÉ secondary : ©w¸q¤@­Ó¦¸­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ªº³]©wÀÉ ±ý±N¦¹ named.boot Âন 8.x.x °_°ÊÀɪº®æ¦¡, ¥i¤U: named-bootconf.pl named.boot > named.conf named-bootconf.pl ¦b /usr/doc/bind-8.2/named-bootconf/Grot/named-bootconf.pl 1. ¥¿¸Ñ³]©wÀÉ: db.jmjh $TTL 259200 @ IN SOA dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. root.dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ( 1999071106 ; Serial - §Ç¸¹ 86400 ; Refresh - ¤@¤Ñ 1800 ; Retry - ¥H¬í¬°³æ¦ì 1728000 ; Expire - 20 ¤Ñ 259200 ); Minimum TTL - 3 ¤Ñ ;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IN NS dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. dns IN A 163.26.167.1 jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. IN A 163.26.167.1 ; @ IN MX 0 mail.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. @ IN MX 10 s2.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ; s1 IN CNAME dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. www IN CNAME dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ftp IN CNAME dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ;----------------------------------------------------------------- mail IN A 163.26.167.1 s2 IN A 163.26.167.2 s3 IN A 163.26.167.3 nt IN A 163.26.167.6 ; »¡©ú : DNS ªº³]©wÀÉ, ¨C¤@¦C³£¬O¤@µ§¸ê·½°O¿ý(Resource Record), ²ºÙ RR. RR ªº©w¸q®æ¦¡¦p¤U: ºô°ì¡@ttl ¡@Ãþ§O¡@«¬ºA¡@¸Ó«¬ºAªº¸ê®Æ­È ¨ä¤¤ ttl ¥i¥H¬Ù²¤, ¦¹®É, ±N¨Ï¥Î SOA ¤¤ ªº ³Ì¤p TTL(Time To Live ¦s¬¡®É¶¡), ¦p ªG¸ê®Æ­È¶W¹L¤@¦C, ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¬A©·. »¡©ú: @ : ¥Nªí¹w³]ªººô°ì, ¦b¦¹«üªº¬O jmjh.tnc.edu.tw IN : Internet Ãþ§O ±`¨£ªº«¬ºA¦³¥H¤U´XºØ: SOA : Start of Authority «¬ºA, ¥Î¨Ó´y­z¤@­Ó zone ±ÂÅvªº¶}©l. SOA ªº¸ê®Æ­È, ®æ¦¡¦p¤U: ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@ ¡@(Secondary ¡@Secondary¡@ Secondary) (Other server cache) ¥D­n¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹ ¡@Ápµ¸¤Hemail¡@§Ç¸¹¡@§ó·s®É¶¡¡@¦A¸Õ®É¶¡¡@¹L´Á´Á­­¡@³Ì¤p ¦s¬¡®É¶¡ ¨ä¤¤Ápµ¸¤Hªº email ­ì¥»¦p root@jmjh.tnc.edu.tw ¤¤ªº @ À³§ï¬° . , ¦]¬° @ ³o­Ó ²Å¸¹¹ï bind ¦Ó¨¥,¥t¦³¨ä¥L¥Î³~. NS ¥Nªí Name Server «¬ºA MX ¥Nªí Mail Exchange «¬ºA(¶l¥ó¥æ´«¦øªA¾¹), ¨ä¸ê®Æ®æªº®æ¦¡¦p¤U: Àu¥ýÅv­È¡@¶l¥ó¥D¾÷ ¨ä¤¤¡AÀu¥ýÅv­Èªº¼Æ¦r¶V¤p, ªí¥Ü¨äÀu¥ýµ{«×¶V°ª ¾ãÅ骺®æ¦¡¬O: ºô°ì¡@IN¡@MX¡@Àu¥ýÅv­È¼Æ¦ì¡@¶l¥ó¥D¾÷ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ ¨Ò: ¡@¡@¡@IN¡@MX¡@¢¯¡@mail.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. A ¥Nªí Address «¬ºA CNAME ¥Nªí§O¦W«¬ºA PTR ¥Nªí¤Ï¬d IP ªº«ü¼Ð«¬ºA(POINTER) ­Y¥D¾÷ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ³Ì«á¨S¦³ . , ªí¥Ü¬O¬Û¹ïªº°Oªk, ¦¹®É, bind ·|¦Û°ÊÀ°¥¦ ¥[¤Wºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ, ¤ñ¦p: dns -> dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ­Y¥D¾÷ºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ³Ì¦³¥H . µ²§ô, ªí¥Ü¬Oµ´¹ïªº°Oªk, ¦p dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ­Yºô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ¬Ù²¤, ªí¥Ü©M«e¤@µ§ RR ªººô¥\¯àÅܼƦWºÙºÙ¬O¦P¤@­Ó. 2. ¤Ï¬d³]©wÀÉ [nobody@cm1 named]$ cat db.163.26.167 @ IN SOA dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. root.dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ( 1999071100 ; Serial 86400 ; Refresh - 1 days 1800 ; Retry 1728000 ; Expire - 20 days 259200 ); Minimum TTL - 3 days ;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IN NS dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ; 1 IN PTR dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. 2 IN PTR s2.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. 3 IN PTR s3.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ; 6 IN PTR nt.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. 3. Loopback ¤Ï¬d³]©wÀÉ: rev-127.0.0 @ IN SOA dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. root.dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. ( 1999071100 ; Serial 86400 ; Refresh - 1 days 1800 ; Retry 1728000 ; Expire - 20 days 259200 ) ; Minimum TTL - 3 days ;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IN NS dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw. 1 IN PTR localhost. 4. ®Ú¦WºÙ¦øªA¾¹¦ì§}³]©wÀÉ named.ca ; This file holds the information on root name servers needed to ; initialize cache of Internet domain name servers ; (e.g. reference this file in the "cache . " ; configuration file of BIND domain name servers). ; ; This file is made available by InterNIC registration services ; under anonymous FTP as ; file /domain/named.root ; on server FTP.RS.INTERNIC.NET ; -OR- under Gopher at RS.INTERNIC.NET ; under menu InterNIC Registration Services (NSI) ; submenu InterNIC Registration Archives ; file named.root ; ; last update: Aug 22, 1997 ; related version of root zone: 1997082200 ; ; ; formerly NS.INTERNIC.NET ; . 3600000 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4 ; ; formerly NS1.ISI.EDU ; . 3600000 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.9.0.107 ; ; formerly C.PSI.NET ; . 3600000 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.33.4.12 ; ; formerly TERP.UMD.EDU ; . 3600000 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.8.10.90 ; ; formerly NS.NASA.GOV ; . 3600000 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.203.230.10 ; ; formerly NS.ISC.ORG ; . 3600000 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.5.5.241 ; ; formerly NS.NIC.DDN.MIL ; . 3600000 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.112.36.4 ; ; formerly AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL ; . 3600000 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.63.2.53 ; ; formerly NIC.NORDU.NET ; . 3600000 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.36.148.17 ; ; temporarily housed at NSI (InterNIC) ; . 3600000 NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.10 ; ; housed in LINX, operated by RIPE NCC ; . 3600000 NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 193.0.14.129 ; ; temporarily housed at ISI (IANA) ; . 3600000 NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.32.64.12 ; ; housed in Japan, operated by WIDE ; . 3600000 NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 202.12.27.33 ; End of File ¨C¦¸­×§ï§¹¤§«á, °O±o: ¼W¥[§Ç¸¹ªº­È¤§«á, ¤~¦sÀÉ. ­n­«·s±Ò°Ê named, ¤U: kill -HUP ¡@named ªºPID½s¸¹ ©Î /etc/rc.d/init.d/named restart ©Î ndc restart ¦p¦ó´ú¸Õ DNS ¬O§_¥¿±`? ¨Ï¥Î nslookup ¨Ò: [nobody@cm1 html]$ nslookup Default Server: dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw Address: 163.26.167.1 > nt Server: dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw Address: 163.26.167.1 Name: nt.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw Address: 163.26.167.6 > 163.26.167.2Server: dns.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw Address: 163.26.167.1 Name: s2.jmjh.tnc.edu.tw Address: 163.26.167.2 > exit